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Intravesical GAG replacement therapies for bladder pain syndrome / interstitial cystitis – an update

The barrier function of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer of the urothelium was identified by Parsons in 1975, and intravesical therapies to treat chronic inflammatory conditions of the bladder were developed soon after. However, the active role of the urothelium in...

Focal therapy for prostate cancer – ready for prime time?

The current therapeutic ratio for radical therapy in many men with localised prostate cancer is not ideal. For a significant side-effect profile, there seems to be a small survival benefit over a 10-15 year period. A strategy that might balance...

Prostate cancer now England’s most common cancer

Prostate cancer cases overtook those of breast cancer by thousands in both 2022 and 2023, according to Prostate Cancer UK analysis of NHS data. Huge increase shows that more men than ever before are learning about their risk and taking...

Intravesical glycosaminoglycan analogue instillations for recurrent cystitis

Introduction The symptoms of recurrent cystitis can be triggered by inflammatory or infective causes. Bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and bacterial recurrent lower urinary tract infection can both present with symptoms of recurrent cystitis and cause significant morbidity in affected individuals....

Preventive pharmacological therapy for kidney stones

Kidney stones are common, painful and are a chronic disease with a high lifetime risk of recurrence. Without treatment 35-50% of patients experience a second stone within five years of their first experience. Thiazide diuretics, alkali citrate treatment and allopurinol...

Urology around the world: An overview of healthcare in Germany

Germany boasts a highly developed and comprehensive healthcare system, renowned for its quality and accessibility. The urology landscape in the country mirrors this overall excellence, characterised by a well-structured network of specialists, advanced technology, and a strong emphasis on patient-centered...

Penn Clinical Manual of Urology

This is a powerhouse of a textbook. Small enough to fit into a modest briefcase (but not quite small enough to fit into the pocket of a white coat – for those who remember them) it punches well above its...

Recent advances in the management of castration resistant prostate cancer

Castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is defined by disease progression despite androgen-deprivation therapy lowering testosterone to castrate levels. It may present as a rise in serum levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), progression of pre-existing disease, or the appearance of...

Testing radical prostatectomy in men with prostate cancer and oligometastases to the bone: a randomised controlled feasibility study

Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer death in Western men [1]. The recent STAMPEDE data suggests a median survival of just 42.1 months in the control arm of metastatic men [2]. Current...

Recent developments in bladder cancer – MIBC

This article takes a look back over recent years at new innovations and developments relating to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) specifically, and will also touch upon what the future may hold. This article is also written as a continuation of...

Reflections on 20 years as an Army Reserve doctor: live a life less ordinary

It seems a very short time ago that my predecessor recruited me into my regiment as a surgical senior house officer during a varicose vein operation in a cottage hospital in Stroud, informing me that I would be only the...

What the Dickens?

In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). In the last article we were in the modern world of films, this...