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Molecular biology – bladder cancer
Background Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract and approximately 90% of bladder cancers diagnosed in North America and Europe are transitional cell carcinomas (TCC). For the purposes of diagnosis and treatment, bladder cancer is often...LUTS update
Case study A 70-year-old, generally fit and well male attends your outpatient clinic. He has experienced a gradual deterioration in his voiding over the last few months. Specifically, he reports hesitancy, poor flow and nocturia. He denies visible haematuria. His...
Preoperative use of testosterone prior to distal hypospadias repair
Preoperative hormonal stimulation has been utilised for >50 years in hypospadias surgery. Surgeons utilise testosterone (T) to increase penile size and glans width to try and improve clinical outcomes. However, a paucity of reliable data supporting its use has limited...
Sexuality and erectile function in young men with spina bifida
As our patients with spina bifida (SB) continue to live longer into adulthood we recognise that many of these men experience challenges with sexual health, related to their underlying neurological function. Few studies on male sexual health in this population...Demanding cases or nightmares in endourology? May/Jun 2016
In the third article in this series the authors describe their experience with the very rare indications for laparoscopic stone surgery. Case 1 A 44-year-old woman presented with several months of malaise and right flank pain. A CT scan demonstrated...Demanding cases or nightmares in uro-oncology? May/Jun 2022
Delayed diagnosis of testicular cancer Testicular cancer is considered rare in the general population but is the most common cancer affecting males between 24 and 49 years. The diagnosis of testicular cancer depends on physical examination, ultrasound findings and tumour...Urology around the world: India: past, present, and future
Past India has the largest population in the world, standing at 1.43 billion as of September 2023. This vast population across a huge geographical area brings unique healthcare challenges, including the full range of urologic conditions. Urology is a relatively...A guided guide to the guide wire
The use of guide wires has become a core skill utilised by urologists, especially within the field of endourology. The authors take us through the development of the guide wire and their current use in urology. The history The first...Assessment and management of percutaneous nephrostomies
Nephrostomies are a valuable uroradiological intervention which enables drainage of the obstructed kidney, amongst other indications. Complications associated with nephrostomies following placement are not uncommon, with re-presentation to the emergency department or surgical emergency unit. In this review we will...
Efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for lower pole renal calculi
The management of lower pole renal stones (LPS) is often difficult. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are all potential options with potential benefits and disadvantages. In order to assess the success of fURS...
Thiazide diuretic prophylaxis for kidney stones and the risk of diabetes mellitus
Thiazide diuretics have been used to reduce calcium nephrolithiasis recurrence as it is tolerated well, inexpensive and reduces calcium excretion in urine. It has been linked with increased risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the presence of hypertension (ALLHAT study),...
