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Innovations in flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi: a comprehensive review

This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) has become a core modality in the treatment of...

Kidney stones in pregnancy

Urolithiasis related complications are estimated to affect between 1:200 and 1:2000 pregnancies [1,2]. With around 825,000 conceptions in England and Wales in 2021 [3], this represents an uncommon but not rare occurrence. What is normally a straightforward pathway for a...

A guide to percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is now the gold standard approach to treating large renal stones. Since its development in the 1970s, it has undergone a series of refinements that could only have been possible with the symbiosis of both radiological and...