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Use of Clavien-Dindo classification in urology part 2 – upper tract

1 May 2016 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
A classification system of surgical complications was proposed by Clavien in 1992 [1] and further modified by Dindo in 2004 [2]. Clavien-Dindo classification has since then been validated through many retrospective case series as well as in comparative studies to...

MRI screening for prostate cancer: a step towards a ‘prostagram’

7 January 2020 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
The UK National Screening Committee has been calling for further research into alternative screening tests for prostate cancer. The committee decided against prostate cancer screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing on the basis that “PSA is still a poor...

Adrenal incidentalomas: what next?

8 January 2024 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
An incidentaloma refers to an adrenal lesion >1cm discovered incidentally during radiologic examination. Identifying a malignant and / or functioning lesion is critical for management. However, as the majority of lesions are benign, the challenge is the identification of malignant...

Imaging and surveillance in sporadic renal angiomyolipoma: how and when to monitor effectively

4 March 2025 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) are benign tumours, accounting for approximately 2–3% of all renal neoplasms [1]. Seventy percent of renal AMLs are sporadic, and 20–30% are associated with genetic aetiology. They are composed of smooth muscle, blood vessels, and adipose tissue....

Infections and inflammation: Part 2

1 March 2019 | URO - Infection, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Trauma & Emergency
See also Part 1 and Part 3. Case 1 A 43-year-old lady presented to the urologist with a history of pain during bladder filling and associated frequency / urgency. She underwent standard microbiological and radiological investigations that are normal. She...

Prostate cancer

8 November 2021 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Case 1 A 65-year-old man is referred to your two-week wait (2WW) clinic with a PSA of 7.0ng/mL. He has no lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), no past medical history, no family history of prostate cancer (PCa) and his performance...

How to set up and run a cadaveric dissection course

1 January 2018 | | URO - Core Urology
Conducting and implementing a cadaveric dissection course requires careful planning. Rachel Edmiston, Rajesh Anmolsingh, Omar Mirza and Nirmal Kumar offer a guide to individuals highlighting the licensing and legal processes involved with the use, preservation and disposal of cadavers in...

How to organise a urology taster week as a foundation trainee

5 November 2019 | | URO - Core Urology
Current exposure to urology in medical undergraduate curriculums is relatively sparse in comparison to the other surgical specialties with one study reporting just 42% of students having a compulsory attachment. These attachments were an average length of just one week...

The BSoT buddy scheme at BAUS 2023: a new initiative for fostering international relationships

8 January 2024 | | URO - Core Urology
The BSoT committee at BAUS, many of whom where involved with the inaugural buddy scheme. The buddy background By Nicholas Boxall, Specialty Registrar, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Immediate Past Chair of BSoT. The BAUS Section of Trainees (BSoT)...

Dietary citrate substitution in urolithiasis patients

1 July 2018 | | URO - Endourology & Stones
Stone formation is dependent on supersaturation of urinary salts and urinary crystal retention. Urinary promoters (protein aggregates, cell debris) and inhibitors (citrate, magnesium, urinary macromolecules such as glycosaminoglycans and proteins) are involved in the process of stone formation [1]. Hypocitraturia...

The multidisciplinary team meeting: London calling!

1 January 2015 | | URO - Technology
The multidisciplinary team meeting, or MDT, is the foundation of cancer management in the UK. The MDT consists of a group of experts in different fields of medicine and surgery coming together at regular intervals to discuss the diagnosis and...

A greener urology

13 August 2020 | | URO - Technology
Healthcare in England is responsible for 4-5% of the country’s carbon footprint which is defined as the amount of greenhouse gasses, primarily carbon dioxide, released into the atmosphere by a particular activity. The six greenhouse gasses which vary in their...