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Medical statistics for urologists: part 2 – probability and hypothesis testing

2 March 2022 |
Following on from Part 1 of this series (Part 3 available here), this article aims to build on other analytical techniques commonly used within medical research, focusing on simple examples. Probability and testing Before exploring hypothesis testing, it is vital...

The multidisciplinary team meeting: London calling!

1 January 2015 | | URO - Technology
The multidisciplinary team meeting, or MDT, is the foundation of cancer management in the UK. The MDT consists of a group of experts in different fields of medicine and surgery coming together at regular intervals to discuss the diagnosis and...

Clinical Trials 2 – key papers

1 March 2017 | URO - Basic Science Research
Clinical Trials 1 is available here. Case 1 This British study on haematuria clinic diagnostic yield was published in the British Journal of Urology International in 2006. The results are often asked in examinations! Edwards TJ, et al. A prospective...
BJU International journal cover image.

Is TRUS and biopsy obsolete as a diagnostic test for prostate cancer: refining the perineal biopsy technique?

1 March 2015 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Whilst there has been a dramatic shift in how patients are investigated for potential prostate cancer, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and biopsy remains the most commonly used technique for tissue sampling. In this single centre, retrospective analysis, 634 men, over a...

Inguino-scrotal sarcomas

1 May 2019 | | URO - Uroradiology, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Andrology
A sarcoma is a malignant tumour that originates from mesenchymal cells such as adipose tissue, bone, cartilage and smooth muscle. Although these tumours histologically do not originate from the urogenital tract, urologists are often involved in their diagnosis and management...

Induction Switch

2 March 2022 | | URO - Core Urology
Changing medical jobs or working in multiple hospitals is often a frustrating experience. Switch wait times can be agonisingly long, and at least in my experience, hospital intranet telephone directories are frequently inaccurate and unhelpful in connecting to the relevant...

Men with a susceptibility to prostate cancer: implications of ethnicity in PCa risk-prediction and diagnosis

5 January 2022 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
The diagnostic and therapeutic landscapes of prostate cancer (PCa) have advanced at great pace in the past decade. However, disparities in access to care, clinical outcomes and representation in therapeutic, interventional and genomic studies continue to exist between Afro-Caribbean (AC)...

Innovations in urology – OOPE for trainees

3 November 2022 | | URO - Technology
“Innovation is the ability to see change as an opportunity – not a threat” – Steve Jobs [1] The world is changing rapidly. Healthcare has seen a fast reform, especially as a consequence of COVID-19. Urology is a rapidly evolving...

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

1 September 2017 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Uroradiology
Introduction Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a condition that occurs when extensive fibrosis develops in the retroperitoneum, usually centred over the anterior aspect of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The fibrotic tissue typically surrounds the infrarenal aorta, inferior vena cava...

Testicular cancer (Jan 2016)

1 January 2016 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Infection, URO - Neurourology, URO - Paediatrics, URO - Core Urology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Technology, URO - Trauma & Emergency, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Uroradiology
Case 1 A 26-year-old male presented with a two-week history of testicular pain and swelling. On examination the right testicle was enlarged, indurated and tender. Erythema of the scrotum on that side was also noted. Ultrasound of the testis reported...

The assessment and medical treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH

1 November 2016 | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
The term benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) describes prostate enlargement due to non-cancerous processes. Several aetiological mechanisms are involved, including hormonal and vascular alterations; abnormal regulation of apoptosis; and prostatic inflammation, which may stimulate cellular proliferation. With ageing, prostate enlargement can...

Recent developments in bladder cancer

1 September 2018 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
There have been some exciting developments in bladder cancer over the last few years. Immunotherapy has prolonged survival in a proportion of patients with metastatic disease, with sustained efficacy in some. Advances in genetic analysis and molecular subtyping make personalised...