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Are standard repeat biopsies during active surveillance for prostate cancer still necessary?

Active surveillance (AS) has emerged as a key strategy for managing low-risk prostate cancer (PCa), offering an alternative to immediate treatment. Initially, AS relied on prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing, digital rectal examinations (DRE), and systematic biopsies. Early studies using...

Kidney stones in pregnancy

Case 1 A 28-year-old female, 19 weeks pregnant, presents with severe left loin pain. There is no past medical history of note. Blood tests show a white cell count of 14.1x109/L and creatinine of 56umol/L. An ultrasound scan (USS) reports...

Lasers in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) impacts on the quality of life of many men. It is intimately related to ageing, but exact calculations of its prevalence remain difficult since an accurate clinical definition still eludes us. Histological BPH has been...

Hard flaccid syndrome

Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain present below the level of the umbilicus with a duration of more than six months [1,2]. Chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CPPS) are highly prevalent in Western society, affecting both males and females. Studies...

Which kidney to remove? – The urine separator

In this series of articles, I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk) this time helped by Hamza, one of our Leicester registrars who I recently...

Evidence-based management of complex causes of male infertility

Course description Couple infertility is a global health issue and male factor contributes to about half of cases. However, the correct care and treatment for infertile men remains a challenge. This campus aims to provide clinicians with a comprehensive understanding...

Urology patient assessment – importance of holistic approach – new paradigm

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) seems to affect 30% of the general population above 65 and its presence has a wide range of significance. This is a prospective single centre study to look at MCI in adult urological patients above 18...

Upper tract abnormalities

Case 1 Figure 1. A 26-year-old female presents to A&E with loin pain. What do the CT images in Figures 1 (left, centre and right) show? What is the prevalence of the congenital anomaly in the general population, and is...

The life of a urology trainee in Singapore

Despite the political and cultural differences between the United Kingdom and Singapore, the quality and nature of the medical training systems remain uniquely similar. It will come as no surprise to those of you who have either worked in Singapore...

Performance of non-invasive tests in diagnosing BOO in men with LUTS

A large proportion of urology involves the treatment of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) in men. Yet BOO in men is very difficult to accurately quantify with the only regular non-invasive test being uroflowmetry. Pressure flow urodynamics may be considered the...

Long-term oncologic outcomes of salvage cryoablation for rrPC

Of patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer (PC), at least 15-20% will experience recurrence. Although salvage prostatectomy achieves durable oncological outcomes at 10 years, it is associated with significantly high morbidity. Thus, the majority of men with radio-recurrent prostate...

HIV-related stone disease – a potential new paradigm?

This paper discusses the management of patients with stone disease and HIV. The chronic nature of HIV infection is due in large part to the effectiveness of anti-retroviral therapies (ART). However, the role of protease inhibitors has been widely discussed...