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Obesity and Urologic cancers: A student’s perspective on risk, systems and surgical implications

During my clinical placements, I began to notice that some patients did not fit neatly into the scenarios we learned about in lectures. One patient in particular had a raised PSA and several comorbidities, including obesity. What stood out was...

All you need to know about percutaneous nephrolithotomy: supine versus prone and mini versus traditional

Introduction Since the first percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), the technique has undergone many innovations, including modifications in positioning, miniaturisation of instruments and combination with retrograde intra-renal surgery (see Table 1 for an outline of the history of the technique). Controversy has...