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Virtual and augmented reality in surgery

Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional, computer generated environment which can be accessed using a virtual reality headset, allowing individuals to immerse themselves in this virtual world. Augmented reality (AR) systems layer virtual information over a live camera feed into...

Ureterocystostomy – novel surgery for the paediatric obstructed megaureter

Megaureter is a relatively common congenital urinary tract anomaly; obstructed non-refluxing megaureter is one variant. Initial management is conservative, with operative intervention reserved for symptomatic cases (recurrent pyelonephritis, pain, increasing dilatation or worsening renal function). Surgical options include cutaneous ureterostomy,...

Biopsy should be considered for older boys (>10 years) undergoing orchidopexy for intra-abdominal testes

Cryptorchidism is associated with a 3 to 10-fold increase in malignancy and the age at which it is undertaken matters; the risk of testicular cancer is doubled in patients undergoing orchidopexy at 13 years of age compared to that treated...

Intravesical instillation of chemotherapy before radical surgery for upper UTUC

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare but increasingly prevalent form of urothelial cancer, accounting for 5–10% of cases, with an annual incidence of two to three cases per 100,000 individuals in Western Europe. Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with...