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Urolithiasis – metabolic considerations

5 January 2022 | | URO - Endourology & Stones
Case 1 A 32-year-old female patient is diagnosed with a ureteric calculus for the first-time. What type of metabolic evaluation investigations should be performed? When should stone analysis be repeated? What are the most common metabolic abnormalities associated with calcium...

A review of the diagnosis and management of urethral caruncles

1 November 2017 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Introduction The innocuous urethral caruncle is the most common benign urethral lesion in females. It can pose a significant challenge to urologists due to the plethora of differentials and poor evidence surrounding management. In 1926, Ferrier eloquently described the macroscopic...

Indeterminate renal lesions – a pragmatic imaging approach

1 November 2016 | | URO - Uroradiology
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the UK has increased steadily over the last two decades, largely driven by the increasing use of abdominal imaging and the incidental detection of small renal lesions [1]. The majority of incidental...

History of prostate biopsy – part 1

1 January 2018 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
Part 2 of this topic is available here. Prostate biopsy (PBx) to exclude cancer has been part of clinical practice since the beginning of the 20th Century. PBx techniques have evolved over time to optimally address some of the unique...

Post-prostatectomy incontinence

4 May 2020 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Urologic Oncology
Urinary incontinence following prostate surgery (post-prostatectomy incontinence or PPI) is a significant complication that can have a profoundly negative impact on the quality of life of patients suffering with it. It may become a barrier to physical activity and social...

The bilious solution of Monsieurs Calmette et Guérin

1 July 2022 | | URO - Technology, URO - Urologic Oncology
In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). This month’s history story was inspired by a question from one of my...

Non-urothelial bladder malignancies

3 May 2024 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Case 1 An 80-year-old gentleman presented with a history of visible haematuria and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). He has been performing intermittent self catheterisation (ISC) for detrusor underactivity for over 20 years. A flexible cystoscopy showed these appearances of...

Urethral diverticulum: a review of the literature and local experience

1 May 2016 | | URO - Uroradiology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Urethral diverticula are an uncommon finding on imaging. They are focal outpouchings of the urethra into the periurethral / urethrovaginal space, occurring more frequently in females (up to 6% of women) [1]. These diverticula are becoming more prevalent in clinical...

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

1 September 2018 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Urologic Oncology
Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) / lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia is a common cause of acquired phimosis, and was first described by Stuhmer in 1928 [1]. It is described in medical literature as a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown...

Developing a core outcome set for male fertility trials

4 September 2025 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Andrology
Advances in fertility treatment since in vitro fertilisation was pioneered by Edwards and Steptoe, cumulating in the birth of Louise Brown in 1978, have been nothing short of remarkable [1]. Since then, a myriad of treatments has been developed for...

The medical management of LUTS/BPH – an update

1 July 2018 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
For many years it has been recognised by both medical professionals and the general public that the development of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is highly prevalent and is predominantly age-dependent. Medical professionals understand that in men this is often,...

Use of Clavien-Dindo classification in urology part 2 – upper tract

1 May 2016 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
A classification system of surgical complications was proposed by Clavien in 1992 [1] and further modified by Dindo in 2004 [2]. Clavien-Dindo classification has since then been validated through many retrospective case series as well as in comparative studies to...