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Penile cancer: a practical approach

Penile cancer is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all new cancer cases in males in the UK, with around 640 new cases diagnosed every year [1]. In England and Wales, the annual incidence is between 1.2 and...

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Introduction Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a condition that occurs when extensive fibrosis develops in the retroperitoneum, usually centred over the anterior aspect of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae. The fibrotic tissue typically surrounds the infrarenal aorta, inferior vena cava...

Use of MRI in the evaluation of prostate cancer: part 2

Diffusion weighted imaging and contrast enhanced imaging Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in localisation, staging and post-treatment follow-up of prostate cancer. In the previous issue, we discussed the usefulness of MRI in depicting prostate anatomy and pairing...

Urology around the world: Myanmar

In this article the author, a urologist from Myanmar, discusses the presentation, diagnosis and management of a condition common in his country. Urethral orifice stones Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological conditions, usually involving the kidneys, ureters and...

Beta 3 receptors in OAB

More and more is written on Beta 3 receptors in human bladders and their role in detrusor relaxation. This study from Japan investigated human Beta 3 AR gene which is polymorphic. One hundred women with overactive bladder (OAB) and 101...

The role of an enhanced recovery protocol in patients undergoing robotic radical cystectomy

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are patient pathways designed to reduce surgical stress and accelerate postoperative recovery. Uptake of such protocols in colorectal surgery in particular has been high, however ERAS protocols developed or utilised in urological surgery have...

Quality Improvement – how to get involved?

The General Medical Council (GMC) requires all trainee doctors to carry out Quality Improvement (QI) as part of our annual appraisal process [1]. Exactly what QI projects are and how to get involved is less widely understood. Traditionally surgical trainees...

Urethral diverticulum: a review of the literature and local experience

Urethral diverticula are an uncommon finding on imaging. They are focal outpouchings of the urethra into the periurethral / urethrovaginal space, occurring more frequently in females (up to 6% of women) [1]. These diverticula are becoming more prevalent in clinical...

Retroperitoneal sepsis

Case 1 An 80-year-old woman presented with history of recurrent and recent cystitis, low grade pyrexia, abdominal and back pain, and pain on movement of the left hip which was observed to be flexed and externally rotated. What is the...

Urological Complications of Malignancy

Case 1 1. What does this sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan show? 2. Which cancers commonly cause this? 3. What is the acute management? Case 2 1. What is the diagnosis? 2. What local effects can this mass cause?...

Demanding cases or nightmares in uro-oncology? Sep/Oct 2022

Treatment of prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients is challenging due to a lack of knowledge of the natural history of cancer in these patients, the anatomical position of the graft in the iliac fossa and its proximity to the...

Increasing patient hydration through technology

Achieving optimal hydration is crucial particularly for patients with nephrolithiasis. Research suggests that intake should approach 2.5–3.5 litres per day to allow for the daily excretion of 2–3 litres of dilute urine [1]. Unfortunately, patient compliance is known to be...