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HIV / AIDS – implications for the urologist

“It’s no fun to have HIV even though it’s viewed as a chronic, controllable disease. It means being wedded to the health system.” - Philip Berger, Associate Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Toronto, Canada; and leading...

Radiological appearances of non-vascular renal anatomical variants

Anatomical variants of the renal tract are common and, although often asymptomatic, may present with complications. It is essential to identify anatomical variants, as this may have an impact upon surgical planning and management. This article aims to demonstrate radiological...

Demanding cases or nightmares in uro-oncology? May/Jun 2022

Delayed diagnosis of testicular cancer Testicular cancer is considered rare in the general population but is the most common cancer affecting males between 24 and 49 years. The diagnosis of testicular cancer depends on physical examination, ultrasound findings and tumour...

Recent developments in bladder cancer – MIBC

This article takes a look back over recent years at new innovations and developments relating to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) specifically, and will also touch upon what the future may hold. This article is also written as a continuation of...

Surgery in disorders of sexual development with gender issues

After the initial consensus meeting of 10 years ago on disorders of sex development (DSD) with the introduction of the new terminology and classification there are still abundant controversial issues associated with the management of children with these conditions. This...

BCG strain differences have an impact on clinical outcome in bladder cancer immunotherapy

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been part of the treatment algorithm for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for a number of years. In this single centre, prospective, randomised trial, two of the most commonly available strains, BCG Connaught and BCG Tice,...

Adjuvant radiotherapy versus wait-and-see after radical prostatectomy

Optimum treatment modalities in prostate cancer continue to evolve, with debates at each stage of the evolution process, from focal therapy to radical treatment. In this randomised study, Wiegel et al. investigated the role of adjuvant radiotherapy following open radical...

The EP2 receptor – a novel target for prostate cancer?

This basic science paper sets out to evaluate the effects that celecoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, have on prostate cancer cell lines and evaluated the mechanisms behind these effects. COX-2 induces the production of prostaglandins, which promote cell proliferation...

From Peyronie to Foley: the backstories behind the urology legends

Eponyms play a significant role in the field of urology, serving as a bridge between historical medical discoveries and modern clinical practice. For urology trainees, understanding these eponyms is more than just memorising names; it enriches our grasp of key...

What is new in lasers for endourology: looking into the future

From the first cystoscopic argon and neodymium-YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) laser used for bladder tumours in 1976 by Staehler et al. [1], lasers have proven to be a versatile and an evolving tool in the therapeutic management of a variety of urological...

Understanding Stauffer’s syndrome

Who was Stauffer and what is Stauffer’s syndrome? Maurice Stauffer (1915-1994) was a gastroenterologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, United States, and in 1961 first characterised the non-metastatic, paraneoplastic effects of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on liver size and...

History of prostate biopsy – part 1

Part 2 of this topic is available here. Prostate biopsy (PBx) to exclude cancer has been part of clinical practice since the beginning of the 20th Century. PBx techniques have evolved over time to optimally address some of the unique...