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Paediatric urology – peno-scrotal

Case 1 A four-year-old boy presents to clinic following GP referral unable to retract the foreskin (Figure 1). Figure 1. What is the diagnosis? The above condition may be pathological or physiological; clinically how can you differentiate this? Explain the...

Guideline of guidelines – testosterone therapy for testosterone deficiency

The authors conducted an internet search and analysed guidelines for testosterone therapy (TTh) produced by the American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), British Society of Sexual Medicine (BSSM), Endocrine Society (ES),...

A greener urology

Healthcare in England is responsible for 4-5% of the country’s carbon footprint which is defined as the amount of greenhouse gasses, primarily carbon dioxide, released into the atmosphere by a particular activity. The six greenhouse gasses which vary in their...

Testicular cancer (Jan 2016)

Case 1 A 26-year-old male presented with a two-week history of testicular pain and swelling. On examination the right testicle was enlarged, indurated and tender. Erythema of the scrotum on that side was also noted. Ultrasound of the testis reported...

Upper tract abnormalities

Case 1 Figure 1. A 26-year-old female presents to A&E with loin pain. What do the CT images in Figures 1 (left, centre and right) show? What is the prevalence of the congenital anomaly in the general population, and is...

Tackling stones in children: is it difficult to crack on?

The incidence of stone disease in the paediatric population has been increasing worldwide, particularly for the adolescent age group (12–17 years of age). In this article the authors discussed the evolutions of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and ureteroscopy (URS) in children....

Transurethral en bloc resection versus standard resection of bladder tumour

Bladder cancer is a common urological malignancy, with around 610,000 new cases and 220,000 deaths worldwide in 2022. Approximately 75% of these cases are non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The conventional method for treating NMIBC is standard resection (SR), performed transurethrally,...

Botulinum toxin – from the sausage poison to urology

Botulinum toxin is the first biological toxin to be licensed for use in treating human disease and since its first therapeutic use in the early 1980s for strabismus has become widely used in the fields of ophthalmology, cosmetic surgery, migraine...

APAM (Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland) 118th Annual Meeting 2025

Welcome to APAM 2025 - What Awaits? APAM 2025, the 118th Annual Meeting of the AoPGBI, will take place on 3–4 April 2025 at the Royal College of Physicians in London. This prestigious event will bring together leading clinicians, researchers,...

Call for standardised reporting of adverse events

This article will be of immense benefit to all of us involved in mortality and morbidity meetings and Clinical Governance, especially registrars and junior members of the team. The authors present data from the UK, USA and Europe. In prostate...

Tissue-based biomarkers steering clinical decisions in patients with urothelial cancer

Biomarkers play an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of urothelial cancer (UC), with PD-L1, FGFR, and MMR proteins being the most clinically established. These biomarkers, derived from histological specimens, guide therapeutic decisions for bladder cancer (BCa) and upper...

Rocks of ages

In this series of articles, I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). During a recent junior doctors’ strike, whilst I was re-living my houseman days...