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Urolithiasis – metabolic considerations

Case 1 A 32-year-old female patient is diagnosed with a ureteric calculus for the first-time. What type of metabolic evaluation investigations should be performed? When should stone analysis be repeated? What are the most common metabolic abnormalities associated with calcium...

COVID-19 cuts prostate cancer referrals in half

Charity warns that 3500 men risk being diagnosed with incurable cancer as referrals drop to lowest in 10 years Urgent referrals for urological cancers have dropped by half in England (49.5%) compared to the same period last year as the...

Does empowering men on active surveillance for prostate cancer improve patient compliance and reduce conversion to treatment?

Active surveillance is a major treatment option for patients with favourable prognosis prostate cancer, such as those regarded as Cambridge Prognostic Group (CPG) 1 and 2 [1]. The rationale for this management strategy is the lack of survival benefit from...

Prostate cancer

Case 1 What is prostate specific antigen (PSA) and what is its function? According to the ERSPC Trial (at 13 years), what was the number needed to screen and diagnosed to prevent one prostate cancer death and what was the...

Biomarkers in prostate cancer detection

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men with an estimated prevalence of 1.1 million worldwide in 2012. This heterogeneous disease resulted in approximately 307,000 deaths, making it the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men...

History of prostate biopsy – part 1

Part 2 of this topic is available here. Prostate biopsy (PBx) to exclude cancer has been part of clinical practice since the beginning of the 20th Century. PBx techniques have evolved over time to optimally address some of the unique...

Preoperative testosterone for hypospadias

Hypospadias affects around 1 in 400 boys. Glans width (GW) of <14mm has been shown to be an independent risk factor for urethroplasty complications following hypospadias repair. Testosterone (T) administration in prepubertal males increases both penile length and circumference. Its...

Textbook of Penile Cancer

This is already a firm favourite amongst that cohort of trainees who sit the FRCS(Urol) – an exam, which does not discriminate between those wishing a career in andrology and those who do not. Everyone will need to learn and...

Fast Facts: Prostate Cancer

I have read this book since my SHO days, when the first edition was published in 1996, and still enjoy reading every new edition. This is a concise, pocket-sized book which is designed to provide a rapid update on what...

Electrical injury – all you need to know

The modern operating theatre presents a highly complex and busy environment with a huge variety of machines, devices and gadgets. This article from France will be of interest to urologists, nurses, anaesthetists and theatre managers alike. We all use electrical...

Nomograms – is it hide and seek?

Everyday new decision-making aids are being developed due to various advances in software technology. This article from the UK makes very interesting reading. The word ‘nomogram’ is derived from the Greek word translated as ‘law line’ or ‘alignment chart’. The...

Renal stones: an American perspective

This study is from Dallas, USA and appears on the front cover of the BMJ. About 1 in 11 people will have a kidney stone at some point in their lifetime. There is a linear increase in stone prevalence in...