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Biomarkers in prostate cancer detection
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men with an estimated prevalence of 1.1 million worldwide in 2012. This heterogeneous disease resulted in approximately 307,000 deaths, making it the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men...The role of PET-CT imaging in prostate cancer
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in the UK, with 43,000 cases in 2017-18 [1,2]. Accurate primary staging and the detection of suspected recurrence following treatment is vital for directing management and predicting prognosis. This has conventionally...Renal masses
Case 1 A 70-year-old female presented under the medical team with malaise, weight loss, and deranged liver function tests (LFTs) and calcium (ALP 350, GGT 650, Serum bilirubin 29, normal aminotransferases, Ca 3.3). An abdominal ultrasound scan (USS) was performed...Benign upper tract abnormalities
Case 1 A 28-year-old lady has been referred to your clinic with right loin pain. She has no significant past medical history but mentions that she and her partner have been trying to get pregnant. She has an US renal...Prostate cancer management 2 – metastatic disease
A 72-year-old gentleman is referred to you in the two-week wait clinic with a prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 22ug/L. He is otherwise fit and well and does not take any regular medication. His multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) shows...Why bother? Metabolic screening for stone formers
Introduction Despite the considerable increase in the incidence of stone disease in the UK and elsewhere in recent years, urologists have engaged with preventative strategies to only a limited degree. With mounting evidence of the strong correlation between obesity and...
Risk factors for CKD following treatment for RCC
This paper concerns the prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) following treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Over the last 10 years, partial nephrectomy has played an increasing role in the management of RCC, especially T1a disease. It has been...
Urethral pain syndrome – is there a light at the end of the tunnel?
Urethral pain syndrome (UPS) is defined in the 2014 EAU Guidelines as the occurrence of chronic or recurrent episodic pain perceived in the urethra, in the absence of proven infection or other obvious local pathology. UPS is often associated with...
Keep it simple: a proposal for a new definition of uncomplicated and complicated UTIs
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in both community and healthcare settings, leading to frequent antibiotic use. They range widely in severity, from mild cases like cystitis to severe, potentially life-threatening conditions such as...
How can we reduce morbidity after RARC with intracorporeal neobladder?
Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is a complex procedure with high postoperative morbidity, especially when combined with neobladder reconstruction, which has a higher complication rate compared to other urinary diversions. To minimise these complications, it is crucial to understand their nature...
Intravesical instillation of chemotherapy before radical surgery for upper UTUC
Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare but increasingly prevalent form of urothelial cancer, accounting for 5–10% of cases, with an annual incidence of two to three cases per 100,000 individuals in Western Europe. Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with...
