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Ureteric strictures

1 May 2014 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Case 1 What is this investigation? What are the findings of this investigation? What are the causes for this? What are the treatment options? Case 2 Image 1. Image 2. What do these X-Ray KUB films show? What are the...

Introduction to prostate cryotherapy

1 May 2015 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Introduction Cryotherapy was first described by Dr James Arnott in 1850 where he used crushed ice and salt to get temperatures as low as -24oC, in the treatment of cervical and breast tumours [1]. The literature on prostatic cryotherapy dates...

Innovations in flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi: a comprehensive review

7 January 2026 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Technology
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) has become a core modality in the treatment of...
JCU cover image.

Efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for lower pole renal calculi

1 May 2015 | | URO - Endourology & Stones
The management of lower pole renal stones (LPS) is often difficult. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) are all potential options with potential benefits and disadvantages. In order to assess the success of fURS...
BJUI International journal cover image.

Why defining and managing DUST matters in endourology

4 March 2026 | | URO - Endourology & Stones
In endourology, defining ‘DUST’ and optimising its management is vital for improving stone-free rates (SFR) and reducing complications. Residual fragments, even those ≤4mm, can act as a nidus for infection, obstruction, and recurrence. Studies have shown that 30% of patients...

Paediatric urology – peno-scrotal

7 July 2020 | | URO - Paediatrics, URO - Trauma & Emergency
Case 1 A four-year-old boy presents to clinic following GP referral unable to retract the foreskin (Figure 1). Figure 1. What is the diagnosis? The above condition may be pathological or physiological; clinically how can you differentiate this? Explain the...

Priapism

7 January 2021 | | URO - Andrology
Priapism is defined as an abnormally persistent erection lasting greater than four hours, not associated with sexual desire [1]. Although relatively uncommon with an incidence of 1.5 per 100,000 [2], priapism has a risk of complications which can have a...

Prostate abscess

15 October 2021 | | URO - Infection
Prostate abscess (PA) is a relatively uncommon clinical condition which is often difficult to diagnose because clinical symptoms are non-specific. It may be associated with a significant fatality rate, estimated to be between 3% and 30%, which may reflect its...

Bladder cancer

5 November 2019 | URO - Urologic Oncology
Case 1 A 78-year-old female presents with a week history of painless haematuria. She’s a smoker and used to work in the textiles industry. She underwent a flexible cystoscopy. What does this image show? What are the two-week wait National...

Urologic complications of radiotherapy

1 July 2014 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Case 1 1. What machine is seen in the picture? 2. What is the standard dose schedule for radiotherapy for prostate cancer? 3. What are the complications of radiotherapy? Case 2 1. How does haemorrhagic cystitis develop? 2. What are...

Physiotherapy first for pelvic floor dysfunction

1 September 2015 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Urologic Oncology
Physiotherapy should be included in first-line management options for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence in women [1,2]. Additionally, referral to physiotherapy is widely practised for the management of urinary incontinence in men, faecal incontinence, defecation disorders and various pelvic...

Radiological appearances of non-vascular renal anatomical variants

1 September 2015 | | URO - Uroradiology
Anatomical variants of the renal tract are common and, although often asymptomatic, may present with complications. It is essential to identify anatomical variants, as this may have an impact upon surgical planning and management. This article aims to demonstrate radiological...