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Immunotherapy in renal cancer
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the sixth most common solid organ cancer in the UK. In 2018, there were 403,262 people diagnosed worldwide with the disease (2.2% of all cancer cases), and it accounted for 175,098 deaths in total (1.8%...Paediatric urology – peno-scrotal
Case 1 A four-year-old boy presents to clinic following GP referral unable to retract the foreskin (Figure 1). Figure 1. What is the diagnosis? The above condition may be pathological or physiological; clinically how can you differentiate this? Explain the...The impact of menopause on bladder symptoms
The menopause is a natural process of ageing when the ovaries completely stop producing reproductive hormones (oestrogen and other sex steroids), and there are no monthly periods for 12 consecutive months. It normally occurs between the ages of 45-55 years...Upper urinary tract urothelial cell carcinoma
Case 1 A 64-year-old man presents to the haematuria clinic with visible haematuria, on a background of a 40 pack-year smoking history and family history of bowel cancer in his sister at the age of 48. A CT was performed...Meeting in the middle: a review of the rendezvous technique to treat impassable ureteric strictures and transected ureters
Introduction Complex ureteric strictures present a significant challenge with some patients undergoing multiple separate urological and radiological procedures to try to cross a stricture without success. Cross-departmental collaboration with uroradiology may allow a decrease in the number of separate interventions....What exactly is Hinman Syndrome?
Who was Hinman and what is Hinman Syndrome? Frank Hinman Junior (1915–2011) first described ‘Hinman syndrome’ in the 1970s – a condition also known as a ‘non-neurogenic neurogenic bladder’. He was a renowned American urologist, educator and skilful artist and...The stonecutters of 17th Century London
In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). In the last article I told you about the prostatic punch. If you...
Ureterocystostomy – novel surgery for the paediatric obstructed megaureter
Megaureter is a relatively common congenital urinary tract anomaly; obstructed non-refluxing megaureter is one variant. Initial management is conservative, with operative intervention reserved for symptomatic cases (recurrent pyelonephritis, pain, increasing dilatation or worsening renal function). Surgical options include cutaneous ureterostomy,...
AML – a rare variant
With the increasing number of CT and ultrasound scans performed in hospital practice more and more incidental angiomyolipomas (AML) are being picked up, some of which are asymptomatic and may not bother patients at all. This study comes from the...
Management dilemma for very high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer
The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines recommend upfront radical cystectomy (RC) for very high-risk (VHR) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, real-world adoption is limited, as most patients are reluctant to undergo immediate bladder removal. The EAU 2021 risk model...
