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The potential of statin use in castrate resistant prostate cancer treatment
One of the mechanisms by which prostate cancer achieves castrate resistance is through de novo intratumoral production of androgens. Reactivation of androgen receptors results in promotion of cell survival and proliferation pathways despite castrate serum testosterone levels. As androgen synthesis...Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2-3% of all cancers [1]. It is an adenocarcinoma making up 85% of all renal malignancies. Sarcomatoid transformation is a microscopically identified feature of RCC accounting for 5% of all RCCs [2]. Known as sarcomatoid...Use of Clavien-Dindo classification in urology part 1 – pelvic surgery
There is no widely accepted system to classify postoperative complications. It is necessary to compare the outcome and complications while validating a new surgical procedure or one of the surgical approaches of a particular condition. Several parameters have long been...Seminal vesicle calculi
Epidemiology Seminal vesicle calculi are uncommon with just over 100 cases being reported in the literature, although the true incidence is likely to be higher [1-9]. Patients usually present aged between 30 and 45 years old and although the pathogenesis...Partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum
Epidemiology Partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum (PSTCC) is a rare condition and usually presents in young men. Approximately 56 cases have been reported in 34 publications since 1976, when the first two cases were described [1,2]. The mean...
