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Conservative management of pelviureteric junction
Background Pelviureteric junction obstruction (PUJO) is defined as a functionally significant impairment of urine flow from the renal pelvis into the proximal ureter. For more than a century, surgery was considered the first-choice approach to management. However, the widespread use...
Anti-VEGF and PD-1 combinations in renal cell carcinoma
Over the past decade, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been central to treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with oncologists refining dosing strategies to balance treatment efficacy with quality of life (QoL). Recently, the introduction of...
Comparison of pathological stage in patients treated with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk UTUC
High-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has been associated with poor survival outcomes. The authors evaluated the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk cases prior to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in terms of pathological stage of the final surgical specimen. A...The effect of COVID-19 on urology training
COVID-19 has affected all aspects of medicine. Urologists have been called upon to work in vastly different working environments including acute pan-surgical teams, intensive care and medical wards. The strategies put in place by hospital management teams vary significantly across...Virtual reality: a novel approach to pain management during ESWL
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a well-established treatment for kidney and ureteric stone disease, employing high-energy shock waves to fragment stones into smaller pieces for passage through the urinary tract. This article explores the application of virtual reality (VR)...Urologic complications of radiotherapy
Case 1 1. What machine is seen in the picture? 2. What is the standard dose schedule for radiotherapy for prostate cancer? 3. What are the complications of radiotherapy? Case 2 1. How does haemorrhagic cystitis develop? 2. What are...
