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Upper tract abnormalities

11 July 2023 | | URO - Paediatrics, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Case 1 Figure 1. A 26-year-old female presents to A&E with loin pain. What do the CT images in Figures 1 (left, centre and right) show? What is the prevalence of the congenital anomaly in the general population, and is...

Preparing for the FRCS (Urol) viva

1 September 2017 | | URO - Core Urology
Ping! You look down to your phone and you have just received an email saying, “Congratulations, you have now successfully completed The Joint Committee on Intercollegiate Examinations section 1 of the Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons (Urol) exam.”...

An account of training and practice of urology in Nigeria

3 May 2022 |
Nigeria is the most populous nation on the continent of Africa. Within the country, there are 33,303 general hospitals and 59 tertiary hospitals to serve a population of approximately 210 million people [1]. Specialty-based practice of urology is domiciled in...

The bulbocavernosus reflex

6 January 2023 | | URO - Neurourology
Despite its first discovery predating the early-1940s, clinical application of the bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) has been limited to date. The BCR traditionally involves contraction of the bulbo- and ischiocavernosus pelvic floor muscles, often referred to as the ‘bulbocavernosus muscle’, in...

My UK reconstructive urology fellowship experience

8 November 2021 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Surgical training is a long and hard pathway. Having completed medical school, I undertook my internship at the Alfred Hospital in Melbourne. The Alfred Hospital is a leading tertiary teaching hospital in Australia’s second largest city. Prior to commencing my...

The Lester Eshleman Urology Workshop (Tanzania): a trainee’s perspective

1 May 2014 | | URO - Core Urology
For many trainees a period abroad is increasingly an essential supplement to higher surgical training in the UK. However, for many, because of family responsibilities or financial imperatives, this is not always a viable option. There are however alternatives. Here...

Developing a core outcome set for male fertility trials

4 September 2025 | | URO - Basic Science Research, URO - Andrology
Advances in fertility treatment since in vitro fertilisation was pioneered by Edwards and Steptoe, cumulating in the birth of Louise Brown in 1978, have been nothing short of remarkable [1]. Since then, a myriad of treatments has been developed for...

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

1 September 2018 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Urologic Oncology
Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) / lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia is a common cause of acquired phimosis, and was first described by Stuhmer in 1928 [1]. It is described in medical literature as a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown...

What’s in a name?

1 March 2016 |
Kate Granger is a doctor and the founder of the #hellomynameis campaign; she is also a cancer patient. In this article she explains why she started the campaign, and why patient-centred care starts with an introduction. Chris and me the...

Kidney stones in pregnancy

4 March 2026 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Trauma & Emergency, URO - Uroradiology
Urolithiasis related complications are estimated to affect between 1:200 and 1:2000 pregnancies [1,2]. With around 825,000 conceptions in England and Wales in 2021 [3], this represents an uncommon but not rare occurrence. What is normally a straightforward pathway for a...

Priapism

7 January 2021 | | URO - Andrology
Priapism is defined as an abnormally persistent erection lasting greater than four hours, not associated with sexual desire [1]. Although relatively uncommon with an incidence of 1.5 per 100,000 [2], priapism has a risk of complications which can have a...

Innovations in flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi: a comprehensive review

7 January 2026 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Technology
This article has been verified for CPD. Click the button below to answer a few short questions and download a form to be included in your CPD folder. Flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) has become a core modality in the treatment of...