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Balanitis xerotica obliterans

Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) / lichen sclerosus of the male genitalia is a common cause of acquired phimosis, and was first described by Stuhmer in 1928 [1]. It is described in medical literature as a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown...

Bladder outlet obstruction

Case 1 Define the zonal anatomy of the prostate: A, B and C What is the significance of Zone A and Zone C? Clasify the types of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) Which investigations should be routinely undertaken for a...

What’s new in post prostatectomy incontinence?

With an ageing population, the number of men being diagnosed with prostate cancer each year is steadily rising. With more specific investigations, such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MpMRI) and transperineal biopsies, the number of cases diagnosed at an earlier...

Botulinum toxin – from the sausage poison to urology

Botulinum toxin is the first biological toxin to be licensed for use in treating human disease and since its first therapeutic use in the early 1980s for strabismus has become widely used in the fields of ophthalmology, cosmetic surgery, migraine...

An algorithm for the management of haemorrhagic cystitis

Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) can be one of the most difficult conditions to treat in urological practice. It is characterised by intractable bleeding from the bladder and may be acute or chronic. The most frequently reported causal factors are radiotherapy (RT)...

PFMT in males

Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has been described since ancient times in Rome but Kegel popularised it to improve sexual and urinary health after childbirth. In the paediatric population, there is a paradigm shift towards biofeedback-based PFMT for lower urinary...

BPS – a diagnostic enigma

This article from a London teaching hospital presents the results of a Medline search about challenges in bladder pain syndrome. All the known definitions from the American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU), etc. are given while the...

Action Bladder Cancer UK awards grants for bladder cancer research

Action Bladder Cancer UK has granted funding to enable vital research into bladder cancer as part of its annual ABC UK Improving Outcomes for Patients Programme (https://actionbladdercanceruk.org/abc-uk-grants/). The five grant recipients will undertake significant studies, ranging from the analysis of...

TPTNS: evaluation of a therapeutic option in the management of anticholinergic refractory overactive bladder

This is a prospective study evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) in patients with urodynamically proven overactive bladder (OAB), who have failed anticholinergic treatment. Forty-three patients were studied and followed up over a period...

Retropubic versus transobturator mid-urethral slings for stress incontinence

Mid-urethral slings are commonly used in the surgical management of stress urinary incontinence. This multicentre, randomised trial aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of the retropubic tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) with the transobturator tension-free vaginal tape (TVT-O) in a...

The risk of tumour recurrence in patients undergoing renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease

End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in need of a kidney transplant who have a previous history of urological cancer should undergo a cancer-free waiting period before receiving a kidney transplant. Currently the recommended waiting time is based on the...