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Medical statistics for urologists: part 2 – probability and hypothesis testing

2 March 2022 |
Following on from Part 1 of this series (Part 3 available here), this article aims to build on other analytical techniques commonly used within medical research, focusing on simple examples. Probability and testing Before exploring hypothesis testing, it is vital...

An algorithm for the management of haemorrhagic cystitis

1 September 2015 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Urologic Oncology
Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) can be one of the most difficult conditions to treat in urological practice. It is characterised by intractable bleeding from the bladder and may be acute or chronic. The most frequently reported causal factors are radiotherapy (RT)...

Is laparoscopic urological training in Sub-Saharan Africa a goal worth pursuing? Observations from my experience with IVUmed in Senegal

1 September 2019 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Technology
Laparoscopic surgery has developed at an unimaginable pace over the last three decades. The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed by Dr Phillip Mouret in France in 1987, with the first series of 63 cases published in 1989 [1]. However, its...

MRI screening for prostate cancer: a step towards a ‘prostagram’

7 January 2020 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
The UK National Screening Committee has been calling for further research into alternative screening tests for prostate cancer. The committee decided against prostate cancer screening using prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing on the basis that “PSA is still a poor...

Recent developments in bladder cancer – MIBC

5 September 2022 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
This article takes a look back over recent years at new innovations and developments relating to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) specifically, and will also touch upon what the future may hold. This article is also written as a continuation of...

Prostate cancer in men of African heritage: understanding the risk and prognostic factors

2 July 2025 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a major public health concern and is recognised as one of the most common cancers worldwide, accounting for a significant proportion of cancer-related deaths. It is the second most common malignancy among men globally after lung...

Hail the Portfolio Pathway!

3 May 2024 | | URO - Core Urology
In the United Kingdom, the pursuit of a surgical career traditionally follows a conventional pathway, primarily through the completion of specialty programmes accredited by the Royal College of Surgeons or the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme (ISCP). However, for doctors with...

Thermal ablative techniques for small renal masses

1 July 2017 | | URO - Urologic Oncology, URO - Technology
The incidence of renal cell carcinoma has increased over the past decade which can be partly attributed to the increased use of imaging modalities [1,2]. Nephron sparing procedures for the management of small renal tumours have gained popularity which include...

Male infertility

1 May 2018 | | URO - Andrology
Definitions Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy in one year [1]. About 15% of couples do not achieve pregnancy within one year and seek medical treatment for infertility. Semen parameters are standardised...

Recent developments in bladder cancer

1 September 2018 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
There have been some exciting developments in bladder cancer over the last few years. Immunotherapy has prolonged survival in a proportion of patients with metastatic disease, with sustained efficacy in some. Advances in genetic analysis and molecular subtyping make personalised...

Medical statistics for urologists: part 1

3 September 2021 |
Part 2 of this article is available here, and Part 3 here Clinicians often consider statistics to be a dry and challenging subject. However, an understanding of the basics of statistic methods underpins the interpretation and use of current best...

Surgical video – part 2: Tips on how to edit and create a finished surgical video for teaching or publication

1 November 2015 | | URO - Technology
A well-made and informative video can be one of the most valuable promotional tools for a department of urology. Having to resort to an external commercial source to produce a video can be prohibitively expensive. With the extensive computing power...