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Inpatient care of patients with established spinal cord injury - what a general urologist needs to know

Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating, life-changing condition, which is currently irreversible. Depending on the level of the spinal cord affected (and whether the lesion is complete or incomplete), patients may subsequently develop reduced voluntary motor function, sensory...

Endoscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare disease accounting for 5-10% of all urothelial carcinomas and has an annual incidence in Western countries of 1-2 per 100,000 [1,2]. It occurs more commonly in the pelvicalyceal system as opposed to...

London NeuroUrology Course

This is a very popular 3-day course primarily for Urology Registrars in training preparing for the FRCS(Urol) Examination, but would also be of interest to senior trainees and Consultants developing and maintaining their sub-specialist interest in Neuto-Urology. The course will consist of interactive lectures from an invited faculty and case-based discussions in small groups, facilitated by a multidisciplinary team who are leaders in the field. The course aims to cover bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction in context of all types of neurological disease, in readiness for the FRCS (Urol) and "real-life" best practice.

History of prostate biopsy – part 1

Part 2 of this topic is available here. Prostate biopsy (PBx) to exclude cancer has been part of clinical practice since the beginning of the 20th Century. PBx techniques have evolved over time to optimally address some of the unique...

The impact of FGM on the genitourinary system: a 2021 perspective

Awareness of female genital mutilation (FGM) in European countries has increased over recent decades as a result of globalisation and migration of populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes FGM as procedures that involve partial or total removal of the...

Use of Clavien-Dindo classification in urology part 1 – pelvic surgery

There is no widely accepted system to classify postoperative complications. It is necessary to compare the outcome and complications while validating a new surgical procedure or one of the surgical approaches of a particular condition. Several parameters have long been...

Impact of case volume on outcomes of ureteroscopy for ureteral stones

With the ever-increasing focus on patient safety, centralisation of services for major procedures is becoming more common. Using data from the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) Ureteroscopy Global Study database, a prospective observational multicentre study created to...

Kidney stones in pregnancy

Case 1 A 28-year-old female, 19 weeks pregnant, presents with severe left loin pain. There is no past medical history of note. Blood tests show a white cell count of 14.1x109/L and creatinine of 56umol/L. An ultrasound scan (USS) reports...

Intravesical GAG replacement therapies for bladder pain syndrome / interstitial cystitis – an update

The barrier function of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) layer of the urothelium was identified by Parsons in 1975, and intravesical therapies to treat chronic inflammatory conditions of the bladder were developed soon after. However, the active role of the urothelium in...

Urethral pain syndrome – is there a light at the end of the tunnel?

Urethral pain syndrome (UPS) is defined in the 2014 EAU Guidelines as the occurrence of chronic or recurrent episodic pain perceived in the urethra, in the absence of proven infection or other obvious local pathology. UPS is often associated with...

The Lister Royal College of Surgeons of England / BAUS Accredited Robotic Urological Fellowship Programme

Robotic fellowship training in the UK – overview Robotic surgery has increased in popularity since its introduction in 2003. Its validation in a growing number of operative procedures has increased its acceptance nationwide and its usage is becoming widespread. Initial...

Renal fossa recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma

This paper is an analysis of 36 years of radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in the Mayo Clinic (1970-2006). In particular, it contains an analysis of the risk of renal fossa recurrence after nephrectomy (partial nephrectomies are not included)...