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Testicular microlithiasis
Introduction Testicular microlithiasis (TML) was originally described in 1970 in a healthy four-year-old boy [1] and the first paper regarding microlithiasis as an entity seen on ultrasound was published in 1987 [2]. Testicular microlithiasis is seen on ultrasound as small,...
Bladder Pain Syndrome – An Evolution, 2nd Edition
Bladder pain syndrome remains the focus of much debate and discussion, and this will continue in the future. This book is the second edition of Interstitial Cystitis which was published three decades ago. Given that a lot has happened in...Introduction to prostate cryotherapy
Introduction Cryotherapy was first described by Dr James Arnott in 1850 where he used crushed ice and salt to get temperatures as low as -24oC, in the treatment of cervical and breast tumours [1]. The literature on prostatic cryotherapy dates...
Comparison of PCNL under spinal versus general anaesthesia
There are several advantages of performing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) under spinal anaesthesia including lower cost, reduced adverse effects and less tracheal tube displacement. Another advantage is that the patient remains awake throughout making positioning easier and reducing the risk of...The scent of Ethiopia: a personal story – part 1
Background The year was 2004; I had just moved to the UK as a young house officer and finished my observership programme at Great Ormond Street Hospital in London. I was inspired by greats like Patrick Duffy and Phillip Ransley,...Intelligent triage: improving outpatient efficiency
Background Improving outpatient (OP) efficiency and service structure is of paramount importance as the NHS seeks to manage ever increasing demand in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. As we re-establish services and attempt to clear the backlog, new ways...
Prevention of urethral stricture recurrence
Urethral stricture recurrence after urethral reconstruction is one of the most challenging problems in urology. With the increase in endoscopic surgery over the last three decades the incidence of urethral strictures has increased, with iatrogenic manipulation the leading aetiology in...Patient decision aids in the management of stress urinary incontinence
Urinary incontinence is a common condition faced by up to 20-50% of women, which impairs quality of life and poses a significant socioeconomic burden to both the individual women involved and more widely to the NHS [1]. The overall cost...
