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The microbial syndicate: dysbiosis and origins of recurrent UTIs

Traditional dogma held that urine was sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed an underground microbial community, known as the urinary microbiome or ‘urobiome’ [1]. Far from being harmful, this community of microorganisms helps modulate immune responses, regulate inflammation, and...

An old resectoscope in a wooden case

In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). In the last article I said I would write about a particular artefact...

Prostates at the OK Corral

In this series of articles I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). In this article, we are looking at an American urologist whose story was,...

Joaquín Albarrán (1860–1912), the gifted promise

In this series of articles, I am going to show you some of the exhibits contained in the Museum of Urology, hosted on the BAUS website (www.baus.org.uk). Does the name Joaquín Albarrán mean anything to you? Maybe you remember using...

I wasn’t expecting that! A series of unexpected radiology findings

Case 1 A 76-year-old diabetic man with a long-term catheter presents to the Emergency Department with rigors and non-specific abdominal pain. He has an elevated white cell count (WCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). An abdominal and pelvic CT scan was...

Clinical Trials 2 – key papers

Clinical Trials 1 is available here. Case 1 This British study on haematuria clinic diagnostic yield was published in the British Journal of Urology International in 2006. The results are often asked in examinations! Edwards TJ, et al. A prospective...

Testicular cancer (Jan 2016)

Case 1 A 26-year-old male presented with a two-week history of testicular pain and swelling. On examination the right testicle was enlarged, indurated and tender. Erythema of the scrotum on that side was also noted. Ultrasound of the testis reported...

Still Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) in urology: meeting the challenges presented by COVID-19

Back in 2019, Simon Harrison – the then sole national lead for the urology workstream in the Getting It Right First Time (GIRFT) programme – wrote an article for Urology News on the GIRFT national report and how its recommendations...

Giggle incontinence – not a laughing matter!

For many decades, the condition of giggle incontinence (enuresis risoria, giggle micturition) has remained a rare and poorly understood condition. Patients (90% female) present in their teens, with the history revealing an issue for many years. It is debilitating and...

Ambulatory local anaesthetic implantation of percutaneous sacral nerve stimulators

Background The current treatment paradigm for detrusor overactivity (DO) and dysfunctional voiding (DV) includes conservative measures, pharmacotherapy, intravesical onabotulinum toxin A (Botox®), sacral nerve modulation (SNM / SNS) and urinary diversion as a last resort [1]. Incidence of DO is...

Missed Meyer-Weigert duplex ureter during emergency ureteric stenting for ureteric stones

The Meyer-Weigert rule is a fundamental anatomical principle in urology that describes the typical orientation of ureteral orifices in duplex kidneys. In a duplex system, the upper pole ureter usually inserts inferomedially, while the lower pole ureter inserts superolaterally. This...

Male infertility

Definitions Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy in one year [1]. About 15% of couples do not achieve pregnancy within one year and seek medical treatment for infertility. Semen parameters are standardised...