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Sexually transmitted infections

Case 1 A 27-year-old man presents to the clinic with multiple asymptomatic penile lesions. 1. What is the diagnosis? 2. What are the likely pathogens which cause these lesions? 3. What treatment options are available to treat these lesions? 4....

Focal therapy for prostate cancer – ready for prime time?

The current therapeutic ratio for radical therapy in many men with localised prostate cancer is not ideal. For a significant side-effect profile, there seems to be a small survival benefit over a 10-15 year period. A strategy that might balance...

An algorithm for the management of haemorrhagic cystitis

Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) can be one of the most difficult conditions to treat in urological practice. It is characterised by intractable bleeding from the bladder and may be acute or chronic. The most frequently reported causal factors are radiotherapy (RT)...

Sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents 2-3% of all cancers [1]. It is an adenocarcinoma making up 85% of all renal malignancies. Sarcomatoid transformation is a microscopically identified feature of RCC accounting for 5% of all RCCs [2]. Known as sarcomatoid...

The multidisciplinary team meeting: London calling!

The multidisciplinary team meeting, or MDT, is the foundation of cancer management in the UK. The MDT consists of a group of experts in different fields of medicine and surgery coming together at regular intervals to discuss the diagnosis and...

Demanding cases or nightmares in endourology? Sep/Oct 2016

In this issue the authors will present once in a career cases that can truly haunt a urologist. “Mistakes are like bad loves, the more you learn from them, the more you wish they’d never happened. “ Gregory David Roberts*...

Utility of biomarkers in the prediction of oncologic outcome after radical cystectomy for SCC

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is more commonly seen in Egypt due to schistosomiasis (bilharziasis) and accounts for 2% to 5% of all bladder tumours. Schistosomiasis is found in the bladder vasculature and leads to chronic inflammation causing...

Comparing treatment modalities for transplant kidney VUR in the paediatric population

The management of Transplant kidney vesicoureteral reflux in the paediatric population is a heavily debated issue and Deflux® injection to manage VUR is both widely described in the literature and commonly practised. In this paper, these authors have put forth...

Frailty in urology – part 1

Part 2 of this topic can be found here Statement of the problem Clinical frailty carries an increased risk of poor health outcomes. The pathological process resulting in frailty is often overlooked and elucidating its aetiology and natural history are...

The Mitrofanoff procedure: a continent revolution

Prior to 1980, surgeons had been struggling to provide a catheterisable, continent channel as an alternative to the native urethra, primarily for paediatric patients with congenital neuropathic bladder. In 1980, Professor Paul Mitrofanoff described the continent supravesical antireflux appendicovesicostomy [1]...

Penile fracture

Traumatic rupture of the tunica albuginea with either one or both corpora cavernosa of the penis is known as penile fracture. This may be associated with corpus spongiosum or urethral injury. Incidence Penile fracture was reported for the first time...

Management of lower urinary tract foreign bodies

Of all the urological emergencies presenting to the emergency department, perhaps one of the most technically challenging cases is the patient with a foreign body in the genitourinary (GU) tract. A wide variety of GU foreign bodies have been reported...