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155 results found

Ureteric strictures

1 May 2014 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Case 1 What is this investigation? What are the findings of this investigation? What are the causes for this? What are the treatment options? Case 2 Image 1. Image 2. What do these X-Ray KUB films show? What are the...

Urological Complications of Malignancy

1 January 2014 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Case 1 1. What does this sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan show? 2. Which cancers commonly cause this? 3. What is the acute management? Case 2 1. What is the diagnosis? 2. What local effects can this mass cause?...

Female and functional

13 March 2023 | | URO - Core Urology
Case 1 A 65-year-old woman presents with an 18-month history of “recurrent urinary tract infections” (rUTI). She is otherwise fit and well with no underlying medical problems and no lower urinary tract symptoms. What is the definition of a UTI...

Purple urine bag syndrome

1 July 2021 | | URO - Infection, URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology, URO - Trauma & Emergency
Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is an uncommon phenomenon where the tubing and urinary catheter bag is noticed to undergo purple discolouration. This has been linked with urinary tract infections (UTI), chronic debilitated states and prolonged catheterisation. PUBS was noticed...

Recent developments in bladder cancer – NMIBC

3 May 2022 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
Every year, roughly 10,300 individuals are diagnosed with bladder cancer in the UK, making it the 11th most common cancer in the UK, and the eighth most common cancer in men [1]. Of those diagnosed with the disease, 75-85% will...

An amateur’s trek into the Urology Boot Camp

9 September 2025 | | URO - Core Urology
Driven by a strong desire to pursue a career in medicine, I was lucky to get an opportunity to attend the Urology Boot Camp at Leeds while still in sixth form. Although urology is a postgraduate specialty, I wanted to...

Lasers in urology

3 July 2026 | | URO - Technology
1. What does LASER stand for? 2. What elements are involved and how is a LASER created? 3. The following cases involve laser surgery. Can you diagnose the pathology, identify which type of lasers can be used, and their wavelengths?...

Things I wish I knew before starting on-call as an CST in urology

4 March 2026 | | URO - Core Urology
When I started my first core surgical trainee (CST) job in urology, I had no prior exposure or experience. Quickly I realised the significant step up and responsibility involved. Covering multiple sites overnight is something that requires organisation and awareness...

Emphysematous pyelonephritis: a review

1 May 2014 | | URO - Endourology & Stones, URO - Infection
Introduction Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute, severe, necrotising, bacterial infection of the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissues, with gas in the renal parenchyma, collecting system or perinephric tissue. Although it is rare, it is potentially life threatening and early...

Sexual dysfunction following prostate cancer treatment

4 March 2024 | | URO - Andrology, URO - Urologic Oncology
Prostate cancer is common with over 52,300 new cases diagnosed annually in the UK; this is expected to rise by 15% between 2023-2025 and 2038-2040 [1]. Radical prostatectomy continues to be the most common form of radical treatment for men...

A guide for the assessment and management of post-obstructive diuresis

1 March 2015 | | URO - Functional / Reconstructive Urology
Acute urinary retention is a common condition encountered in the emergency situation and is initially managed by urethral catheterisation. This is often performed by nursing staff or junior doctors. Post-obstructive diuresis (POD) is a specific entity which may occur post...

The role of transperineal template biopsies in the diagnosis of prostate cancer

1 March 2014 | | URO - Urologic Oncology
The case In 2002, Mr A, a 64-year-old software engineer, was referred by his GP for further investigation of a raised prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 6.2. His prostate felt benign. He underwent transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) prostate biopsies. This...